Executive Summary The AYR Co. and its Board of Directors’ have requested useful information about two investment opportunities that are currently available to them, namely; Project Wolf and Project Aspire. To provide this information in a way that is both useful and efficient, this report uses a number of Capital budgeting techniques have been utilized … Read More
Understanding of Management Accounting Systems Introduction The understanding and recording of financial information allow the organization to plan, form strategies and reduce errors in the organization. The corporations recruit management & financial accountants to handle the financial data and record them accurately in the books of accountants. Management accountants play a key role in providing … Read More
Social and Environmental Accounting and Paris Agreement Introduction Social and environmental accounting (SEA) is an important concept as it connects a company’s business activities with its social and environmental responsibilities. The Paris Accord is a major effort of international collaboration to combat carbon emission and climate change. This essay discusses how SEA could be used … Read More
PROPOSAL Title of Master Thesis A voluntary adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): A case study of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME’s) in Germany TABLE OF CONTENTS List of tables………………………………………………i List of figures………………………………………………ii List of Abbreviations…………………………………………iii 1. INTRODUCTION 2. BACKGROUND 3. LITERATURE REVIEW 3.1. SMALL MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES IN GERMANY 3.2. IFRS IN GERMAN SME’s 3.3. VOLUNTARY … Read More
Management accounting has always been considered important to the social and economic system of every nation, concerning with the identification, measurement and communication of accurate and timely information which allows managers to plan and make decisions. Without any legal or regulatory requirements, managers are free to choose their own content and form of reporting to … Read More
This essay was produced by one of our professional writers as a learning aid to help you with your studies Target Costing & Lifecycle Costing Systems Comparison Letscommunicate Ltd Introduction Letscommunicate Ltd produces mobile phones for sale in supermarkets. In today’s competitive market of mobile phones with short product life cycles, it is important for … Read More
This essay was produced by one of our professional writers as a learning aid to help you with your studies Management Accounting Systems Essay Executive Summary The company’s profits are falling and there is a build-up of inventory within the production process. This report considers three management systems which could rectify the situation. Considering theory … Read More
This essay was produced by one of our professional writers as a learning aid to help you with your studies Archer’s Organic Foods plc – Investment appraisals of two farms I. Introduction Archer’s Organic Foods plc is a producer and distributor of organic foods. The company is looking to expand the business by acquiring a … Read More
This essay was produced by one of our professional writers as a learning aid to help you with your studies Example Accounting Essay Caterpillar’s International Strategy The domain of international business theory contains an overwhelming array of perspectives and dimensions. International business (IB) definitions and assumptions are as diverse and ambiguous as their sources. Approaches … Read More
This essay was produced by one of our professional writers as a learning aid to help you with your studies Critically appraise the circumstances where an impairment loss is deemed to have occurred Introduction IAS 36 Impairment of assets published in 1998 and subsequently amended in 2004 and in 2008, seeks to ensure that an … Read More
The Rise and Fall of Standard Costing and Its Effect on Everyday Operations For European and American Firms Contents (Jump to) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GENERAL OVERVIEW ACCOUNTING OVERVIEW LITERATURE REVIEW EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The overall purpose of this paper and study is to investigate cost or lean accounting within the operations management realm and how its … Read More
1. Analyze and evaluate the balance sheet for assets and liabilities that are not recorded. Kohlbeck (2004) argues that, using the case of banks, few firms disclose the value of their intangible assets, and few provide any information enabling investors to make an informed judgement as to the value of these assets. As such, given … Read More
Introduction A conceptual framework has its basis in a set of concepts. These concepts are linked to a system of methods, behaviors, functions, relationships and objects. The conceptual framework for financial reporting “…..seeks to identify the nature, subject, purpose and broad content of general-purpose financial reporting and the qualitative characteristics that financial information should possess”. … Read More
Executive Summary Babushka’s Baubles is a company producing jewellery at the budget end of the market and has seen a sharp decline in its financial position, in 2008. Despite this, sale levels are consistently high and gross profit margins are healthy. This report has uncovered potential problems in the costs attached to inventory such as … Read More
1. Introduction The use of Cost Volume Profit (CVP) Analysis depends upon a number of clear assumptions, for its application in resolving problems, simplifying complexities and aiding decision-making in business issues. Areas of application, inter alia, include pricing, calculating contribution, computing costs, deciding sales mixes, estimating breakeven points, assessing profitability, and achieving profits. As a … Read More
Companies use accounting ratios to manipulate their accounts Table of Contents (Jump to) Abstract Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.1 Aims and objectives Hypothesis 1 1.2. Overview Chapter 2 Critical Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2. International Financial Reporting Standards 2.2.1 Coverage and aims of the standards 2.2.2 Areas of concern 2.3. The art and purpose … Read More
i) Fair Value and Historical Cost Accounting Historical cost accounting is an accounting method by which assets are valued based on the actual amount of money with which they are bought and as such no inflation adjustments applied. (Eipstein and Jermacowicz, 2007). Fair value accounting on its part deals with the fair market value of … Read More
Title: Ratio analysis for Bellway Company About Bellway plc The Bellway Group is one of the largest housebuilders in the U.K. It was established in 1946 by John T.Bells and his two sons[1].The Group’s operations are spread throughout the country. The key activities of the Group include: land acquisition, finance, planning, architecture, design, build management, … Read More
“Financial measures are inadequate for guiding and evaluating organisations’ trajectories through competitive environments.” Kaplan and Norton (1996: 24) In the introductory quotation, Kaplan and Norton, in their call for a balanced performance management scorecard employing financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth perspectives, cite one reason why finances, including budgeting, are increasingly ineffective … Read More
Contents (Jump to) Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Literature Review – Corporate Governance Chapter 3: Information systems and corporate governance Chapter 4: Sarbanes Oxley Act Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction Auditing is one of the essential elements for the successful functioning of the business and helps an organization to face the external world with precise information on its business … Read More
Cash flow management Cash flow management is the process of monitoring, analyzing and adjusting business’ cash flows[1]. “Cash is king” is the often heard business cliché, yet it is borne out of reality. It is monitoring of actual cash flows against the cash flow projections for the period, analyzing the reasons for variation and then … Read More
As Marabs Manufacturing Limited deals in different products, some standard while others customised, it should accordingly adopt different but suitable techniques for costing these products. Absorption costing and marginal costing are two different techniques of cost accounting which can be used by Marabs Manufacturing. These techniques may be suited under different circumstances. How is Absorption … Read More
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT This paper presents an assessment of the set up of an activity-based costing (ABC) for Exxon Mobil, a global oil company. The discussion in the paper is structured as follows: Setting up an activity-based costing for Exxon Mobil – This first section presents an overview of activity-based costing and focuses … Read More
Introduction In this essay we will discuss the traditional costing method and consider the alternative method offered by Activity Based Costing (ABC) technique. We will discuss how the two methods differ from each other and also from the direct costing systems. The essay will also evaluate the value added by each costing system within a … Read More
Contents (Jump to) Task One (p3d) XYZ Traders – Cash Budget Task Two (p3abc) Alpha Manufacturing – Budgets Task Three (p4abc) Beales Manufacturing – Variances Task Four (p2ab) Beales Manufacturing – Standard Cost Bibliography – XYZ Traders – Cash Budget Introduction In this report Part A presents a cash budget for XYZ Traders for the six month period from … Read More
Financial Accounting A friend of yours has a sizeable portfolio of investments; mainly ordinary shares in UK listed companies. While talking to him about this you realise that he never looks at the annual accounts of those companies to help him assess his position, relying instead on tips and hints given in the quality newspapers. … Read More
1. Introduction Recent research in comparative accounting has led to a number of interesting theories and models that have attempted to analyse the causal factors behind the evolution of dissimilar accounting and financial systems in different countries. These diverse ways of accounting are in the process of being harmonised because of global business imperatives, and … Read More
Accounting for Enron 1. Why is accounting being blamed for the losses sustained by investors as a result of the collapse of Enron? Is this criticism fair and do financial accounting and reporting practices need to be reformed? Accounting has been blamed for the losses sustained by Enron, as it allowed the company to hide … Read More
a) International Accounting Standard 7 (IAS 7) lays down the standards expected by companies when presenting information about changes in cash or cash equivalents. Under IAS 7, a company is required to present a statement of cash flow showing the changes in cash and cash equivalents from the three key areas of operating, investing and … Read More
Dr. Goldratt’s ‘Throughput Accounting’ revolutionized the methods by which companies viewed their costs and associated them with profits. Unlike the traditional cost accounting methods, Goldratt argues that accounting should seek to maximize the movement of products through an organization to eliminate potential bottlenecks that prevents efficiency and speed. Goldratt argues that the current costing systems … Read More
Auditors are increasingly finding that they are being targeted by those who feel that they have been wronged by the quality of the financial accounts. Auditors are required to consider the financial accounts that are prepared by the company and to establish whether they believe that they give a true and fair representation of the … Read More
Introduction Following the financial disasters that led to the collapse of corporations such as Enron and WorldCom, international and national regulators sought to strengthen legislation relating to the internal and external auditing of corporations. This resulted in the introduction of a number of international and national Acts and enforceable codes, commencing with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act … Read More
Conflicts of interest: how can the provision of consulting and advisory services be consistent with the requirements of auditor independence? One of the key issues identified as a cause of the Enron scandal is that the company managed to provide misleading financial information to investors and analysts over a period of several years, indicating around … Read More
Description of activities and source and type of revenues Goldman Sachs has three main types of activities Investment banking. This covers services like merger and acquisition advice, helping clients raise debt. Trading and principal investments. This covers trading and investing in fixed income and equity products, currencies and commodities. This is the largest division in … Read More
Introduction In Trinidad and Tobago the spiraling crime situation has been committed predominately by young males. This study focuses on the relationship between the violence in schools and the crime situation in the wider society in Trinidad. By curbing school violence it will greatly reduce the criminal activities occurring in society. Studies have shown that … Read More
Fixed cost (FC): is a cost that remains constant, in total, regardless of changes in the level of activity. Fixed costs are not affected by changes in activity. Consequently, as the activity level rises and falls, total fixed costs remain constant unless influenced by some outside force. But fixed cost per unit decreases as the … Read More
Accounting theory is a set of basic assumptions, definitions, principles, and concepts surrounding the accounting rule. It includes the reporting of accounting and financial information to relevant or interested parties. There are several approaches that are used in the development of accounting theory. The two main ones are normative theory approach and the positive theory … Read More
Auditing is the accumulation and evaluation of evidence about information to determine and report on the degree of correspondence between the information and established criteria. Auditing should be done by a competent, independent party and communicate the results to interested users. (Elder, and others, 2007, p .4) The purpose of audit is to enable the … Read More
In recent years, the strategic management process has become more complex and costly. Growing competitiveness in many markets and along many combinations of dimension is increasing of analysis facing managers. The term strategic management is used to refer to the entire scope of strategic-decision making activity in an organization. We can define Strategic Management Techniques … Read More
Financial statements should be well understood by those who read it especially those individuals who have considerable knowledge of business and economic world and those ones willing to learn the information carefully. There are various users of financial statements. These users are classified into two broad categories. These users have different purposes for using these … Read More
Since the 80s a new term has been coined in management accounting literature: “Strategic Management Accounting” (SMA) (Simmonds, 1981). Since then, an ongoing debate about what strategic management accounting comprises has been originated. The terms SMA is used by accounting academics and sometimes practitioners in the UK, Australia and New Zealand, while strategic cost management … Read More
Introduction This assignment is an effort to describe the relationship between corporate governance and internal audit. But the first thing that has to be done is to understand what really corporate governance and internal audit are, and how they can be defined. Corporate Governance cannot be defined precisely; however, there are some theories and definitions. … Read More
A) “Critically discuss the role of modern management accounting, and the extent to which it shapes, or is shaped by, the changing organizational and global context within which it is practiced”. B) “With reference to relevant literature, critically evaluate the effectiveness of Three recent developments in management accounting techniques, within specific organizational or national contexts … Read More
The case study addressed the issues relating to intangible assets. It concentrated on explaining the nature of intangible assets and the valuation and recognition of intangible asset with identifiability and separability concepts. The case described the normative theory of accounting, prescribes how accounting should be practised. Normative theory that is considered in this case study … Read More
The essay below is an attempt to analyse the issue of Traditional budgeting and discusses the fact that how now-a-days formal, traditional budgeting does not prove quite apt for modern businesses. To begin with, the essay will give a brief explanation of what is a budget and what is budgeting. This will be followed by … Read More
Introduction If communication uses a language to be able to be understood, business has its own language too and it is known as accounting. Accounting is essential to a business. It is needed to evaluate the situation of the business. The information generated by accounting should be clear to whom it is intended for and … Read More
New Century Financial Corporation was originally founded in 1995. It was a Maryland corporation based in Irvine, California in business to originate, purchase, sell and service home mortgage loans. Court documents reported the company experienced phenomenal growth during its 10 year history, originating $350 million in mortgage loans in 1996 to $50 billion in 2005 … Read More
Accounting graduates have a healthy career prospect which makes them land lucrative jobs right after college. In fact it is said that, ”an accountant is a man who watches the battle from the safety of the hills and then comes down to bayonet the wounded.” The jobs range from working in a small business, an … Read More
The increase in the environmental degradation caused by carbon emission and climate change has necessitated the governments to pass several laws to ensure that business organisations integrate the environmental issues in the management policy. To satisfy the stakeholders, many large and medium organisations have integrated the environmental issues in the management policy in order to … Read More
Executive Summary The strategic location of the South Face Mine, owned by Mountain Mining Canada Ltd (MMCL), catches the attention of Can-Do to make an offer for purchasing the mine. If our company successfully acquires it, the combination of better surface logistics and optimal location of new drift mines could provide an annual cost saving … Read More
